The Last Eden: Directed by Paul Stanley. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. An ex-military demolitions man is drugged and framed for the explosion and total destruction of a sewage treatment plant. Five-O pieces together clues to expose the business man who is actually behind the crime.Hawaii Five-O has given pop culture quite a lot, from catchphrases to tunes to slang. The Honolulu-set detective series ran from 1968–80, setting some records along the way. Millions of Americans on the continent tuned in to see the gorgeous tropical locales of their newest state. Of course, palm trees, sand and surf music was not enough.Hawaii Five-O is an American television series produced by CBS Productions, and set in Hawaii. The show originally aired for twelve seasons from 1968 to 1980, and continued in reruns. The show features a fictional state police unit run by Detective Steve McGarrett, played by actor Jack Lord in the original series, and Alex O'Loughlin in the modern remake.HAWAII FIVE-O 1968 Cast THEN AND NOW 2022 How They Changed, The actors have aged horribly!!Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produc...The show starred Alex O'Loughlin as Steve McGarrett, Scott Caan as Danny Williams, and "Lost" alum Daniel Dae Kim as Chin Ho Kelly. "Hawaii Five-0" had a …1 / 10. Jack Lord ©imago images / Mary Evans. Hawaii Five-0 ran for an impressive 12 seasons on CBS! From 1968 until 1980, "Steve McGarrett" and co. caught international agents and criminals, all ...Of his years on Five-0, Remi wrote on KD McGarrett’s Petition Spot: New Hawaii Five-0, "I was very blessed to have had a personal relationship with Jack Lord, James MacArthur, [and] producers Lenny Freeman and Bill Finnegan, as well as all the cast members of Hawaii 5-0." Born on August 13, 1957, Abellira appeared in eight episodes of Five-0. Play trailer 1:13. Hawaii Five-O (1968–1980) 1 Video. 25 Photos. The Asian-American actor Kam Fong, best known for his co-starring role as Chin Ho in the original Hawaii Five-O (1968) TV series, was born Kam Tong Chun on May 27, 1918 in Kalihi, Hawaii. (The name Fong was the result of a teacher incorrectly teaching him how to write his name. The Joker's Wild, Man, Wild!: Directed by Gene Nelson. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. Jo Louise, a rich and spoiled heiress, is recklessly pitting two suitors, Craig and Billy, against each other. She's devised a game where each boyfriend draws a card and gets points for various stunts. This game has resulted in, among other things, an Army …May 24, 2023 · Harry Endo during and after Hawaii Five-O / Everett Collection / YouTube screenshot. Che Fong is the forensic specialist of the Five-0 task force, who usually knew a vital piece of the puzzle. Endo was working at a Hawaiian Bank and while being filmed in a bank commercial, he was approached to be an original cast member for 5-O. "Kai eʻe" (Hawaiian for: "Tidal Wave") is the fifteenth episode of the first season of Hawaii Five-0. It aired on January 23, 2011 on CBS.The episode was written by Melissa Glenn and Jessica Rieder, and directed by Duane Clark. The episode holds the record for the most watched Hawaii Five-0 episode in the series history with 19.34 million viewers.Hawaii Five-O has been around for decades. The original Hawaii Five-O aired in 1968 and aired until 1980. When the last episode aired, it was the longest running police drama in American history. Of course, this was before Law & Order's heyday hit in the '90s.Then, in 2010, it was decided to reboot the police drama with a new cast playing …Of his years on Five-0, Remi wrote on KD McGarrett’s Petition Spot: New Hawaii Five-0, "I was very blessed to have had a personal relationship with Jack Lord, James MacArthur, [and] producers Lenny Freeman and Bill Finnegan, as well as all the cast members of Hawaii 5-0." Born on August 13, 1957, Abellira appeared in eight episodes of Five-0. Hawaii Five-O is an incredibly successful reboot of the classic 70s police drama, and as its 10th season approaches, let’s check out what’s happening in the lives of its main cast members. ... Chi McBride is not only the tallest member of "Hawaii Five-0: cast but also the eldest. In fact, he is old enough to remember the original show, as ...May 24, 2023 · Harry Endo during and after Hawaii Five-O / Everett Collection / YouTube screenshot. Che Fong is the forensic specialist of the Five-0 task force, who usually knew a vital piece of the puzzle. Endo was working at a Hawaiian Bank and while being filmed in a bank commercial, he was approached to be an original cast member for 5-O. 'V' for Vashon: The Son: Directed by Charles S. Dubin. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Al Harrington, Kam Fong. Chris Vashon is male heir to the Vashon crime family, which now has considerable legitimate business holdings. The young Vashon, a rebellious sort, has been conducting robberies with friends. McGarrett sees the development as a way of …Hawaii Five-0. 1968 -2021. 12 Seasons. CBS. Drama, Action & Adventure. TVPG. Watchlist. Book 'em, Danno. This is one of the longest-running crime dramas in TV history, memorable for its great ...Kam Fong. Actor: Hawaii Five-O. The Asian-American actor Kam Fong, best known for his co-starring role as Chin Ho in the original Hawaii Five-O (1968) TV series, was born Kam Tong Chun on May 27, 1918 in Kalihi, Hawaii. (The name Fong was the result of a teacher incorrectly teaching him how to write his name. The name stuck and he later took it as …The Joker's Wild, Man, Wild!: Directed by Gene Nelson. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. Jo Louise, a rich and spoiled heiress, is recklessly pitting two suitors, Craig and Billy, against each other. She's devised a game where each boyfriend draws a card and gets points for various stunts. This game has resulted in, among other things, an Army …With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Kam Fong, Herman Wedemeyer. The investigations of Hawaii Five-0, an elite branch of the Hawaii State Police answerable …Feb 12, 2023 · From a James Bond staple to a Karate Kid villain to real-life homicide, the lives of the "Hawaii Five-O" cast after the series ended were anything but proced... Hawaii Five-O is an American television series produced by CBS Productions, and set in Hawaii. The show originally aired for twelve seasons from 1968 to 1980, and continued in reruns. The show features a fictional state police unit run by Detective Steve McGarrett, played by actor Jack Lord in the original series, and Alex O'Loughlin in the modern remake.September 23, 2021 12:38pm. Al Harrington Courtesy of Rita Coury / Rita Coury Photography. Al Harrington, an actor known for the original Hawaii Five-0 and its remake, has died. He was 85. He died ...Gilbert Lani Kauhi Chin Ho Kelly Attorney General John Manicote played by Glenn Cannon Al Harrington played by Herman Wedemeyer Governor Paul Jameson played by Richard …Aug 8, 2021 · The son of the original Hawaii Five-O's Kam Fong Chun, ... Chi McBride was a main cast member on CBS's Hawaii Five-0 following his Season 4 introduction. In addition to starring in the long ... Gilbert Lani Kauhi Chin Ho Kelly Attorney General John Manicote played by Glenn Cannon Al Harrington played by Herman Wedemeyer Governor Paul Jameson played by Richard …By the Numbers: Directed by Seymour Robbie. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. A U.S. serviceman, in Hawaii for R&R, becomes a pawn in a fight for control of a numbers syndicate. The head of the outfit, Philip Lo, is killed and the serviceman has been framed for it. McGarrett & Co. race to solve the killing, shut down the numbers syndicate …Grace Park as Officer Kono Kalakaua, Daniel Dae Kim as Lieutenant Chin Ho Kelly, Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett, Scott Caan as Detective Danny …Thu, Oct 17, 1968. The primary witness before a grand jury investigating a Hawaiian crime figure dies suddenly on the stand. At the same time, assassins from Japan are trying to kill the accused criminal. Five-O has to figure out the accused man's secret and why killers from Japan are after him. 7.2/10 (254) Rate. Selah Sahib. Osman Zailani. ... Ong Lee. Rest of cast listed alphabetically: Al Eben. ... Doc Bergman (uncredited) Beau Vanden Ecker.The Ransom: Directed by Michael O'Herlihy. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. The young son of a rich man is kidnapped. Five-O and HPD observe the scene where the kidnappers are to pick up …Female characters on Hawaii Five-O Wiki. This is a list of all the Female characters that have appeared or been mentioned on Reign. Hawaii Five-O Wiki. Explore. Main Page; Discuss; All Pages; Community; Interactive Maps; Recent Blog Posts; Hawaii Five-O. Main Cast. Steve McGarrett; Danny Williams; Chin Ho Kelly; Kono Kalakaua; Max Bergman; …Tue, Sep 19, 1972. Champion race car driver Alex Pareno arrives in Hawaii to attempt to break the record for driving up Tantalus Mountain. However, his chief mechanic is bludgeoned to death after catching someone tampering with Pareno's car. Later, a second mechanic is killed while test driving the car.The Hawaii Five-O reboot on CBS is now in its ninth season, which makes it almost comparable in length to the original 1968-1980 series. They also kept the character names mostly the same ...James Gordon MacArthur (December 8, 1937 – October 28, 2010) was an American actor and recording artist.. He had a long career in both movies and television, and his early work was predominantly in supporting roles in films. Later, he had a starring role as Danny "Danno" Williams in the long-running television series Hawaii Five-O.. In 1963, his …"Hawaii Five-O - The Complete First Season: Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Harry Endo, Gene Nelson: Movies & TV". Amazon. Retrieved November 14, 2012. External …Grace Park. Kono Kalakaua was a member of the Five-O task force, along with Detective Captain Steve McGarrett, Detective Danny Williams and Chin Ho Kelly . Categories. Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Kono Kalakaua was a member of the Five-O task force, along with Detective Captain Steve McGarrett, …Kam Fong. Actor: Hawaii Five-O. The Asian-American actor Kam Fong, best known for his co-starring role as Chin Ho in the original Hawaii Five-O (1968) TV series, was born Kam Tong Chun on May 27, 1918 in Kalihi, Hawaii. (The name Fong was the result of a teacher incorrectly teaching him how to write his name. The name stuck and he later took it as …Sep 22, 2021 · obits. 9/22/21. Al Harrington, best known to classic TV fans as Detective Ben Kokua in the original “Hawaii Five-0” series, died Tuesday. He was 85. Harrington also appeared in the CBS reboot ... Check out how much the cast of Hawaii Five-O is worth: 10. Jorge Garcia. Estimated Net Worth: $5 Million. Jorge Garcia is one of the most recognizable faces in the industry with his talent and signature hair. He got his start acting in the late ’90s beginning with many small roles, but started to turn heads with roles in Becker and especially ...Sep 23, 2016 · The CBS drama brought original McGarrett actor Jack Lord to life through the magic of CGI. Lord, who died in 1998, portrayed the Five-O hero for 12 seasons on the namesake series, which ran from ... While a 2010 to 2020 CBS reboot, which starred Alex O’Loughlin, Scott Caan and Daniel Dae Kim, was popular with both audiences and critics, the original remains a …Jan 11, 2023 · As noted in television historian Horace Newcomb's book "Encyclopedia of Television," "Hawaii Five-O" was a "highly progressive" show for 1968, boasting a diverse cast that included not only native Hawaiian actors but also actors representing Hawaii's large Chinese American population. S10.E18 ∙ Angel in Blue. Thu, Mar 9, 1978. When a notorious smuggling-gang member known as "Surfer" uses his .357 Magnum to render still another enemy unrecognizable, McGarrett tries to infiltrate the gang with a Maui policewoman who has no experience in undercover work. 6.4/10 (70) Rate. Samuel "Sam" Denning is the new Governor of Hawaii who took over the position after his predecessor, Governor Pat Jameson was shot dead at the hands of crime boss, Wo Fat. Denning made his debut appearance in the Season 2 premiere episode, Ha'i'ole where he reinstated Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarret, Detective Danny Williams and …James Gordon MacArthur (December 8, 1937 – October 28, 2010) was an American actor and recording artist.. He had a long career in both movies and television, and his early work was predominantly in supporting roles in films. Later, he had a starring role as Danny "Danno" Williams in the long-running television series Hawaii Five-O.. In 1963, his …The Hawaii Five-0 Reboot (2010-Present) In 2010, CBS introduced a modern reboot of the classic Hawaii Five-0 series. This new iteration, developed by Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, and Peter M. Lenkov, follows a similar premise to the original show, with an elite police unit led by Detective Steve McGarrett, now played by Alex O’Loughlin.The Waterfront Steal: Directed by Allen Reisner. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Kam Fong, Simon Oakland. Mendoza is the manager of a string of warehouses along Hawaii's waterfront. He, his daughter and a group of hired thugs knock over the warehouses one by one and steal their contents. A robbery goes horribly wrong and ends in the death of an …Remake actor. Mark Dacascos. Wo Fat is a crime boss, a red Chinese spy who answers to Peking (Bejing) and the main enemy of Steve McGarrett .Sep 30, 2019 · The original ‘Hawaii Five-0′ series was first aired in 1968. A reimagined version of this series was launched in 2010. It is an action police procedural series and it follows an elite task ... The first season of Hawaii Five-O, an American television series, began September 20, 1968, and ended on March 19, 1969. It aired on CBS. The region 1 DVD was released on March 6, 2007.Jul 3, 2023 · Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri. In Hawaii Five-O, Ian Anthony Dale was cast as Adam Noshimuri, the son of a Yakuza boss who reformed and became an ally and agent of the task force. Dale also ... Relatives. Sara Malia Diaz Waincroft (Niece; Ward) Keako (uncle) Mele (aunt, deceased) Kono Kalakaua (cousin) Gabriel Waincroft (brother-in-law, deceased) Chin Ho Kelly (portrayed by Daniel Dae Kim) is a member of the Five-0 task force and cousin of Kono Kalakaua. [1] Kim also portrayed Chin in a crossover episode with NCIS: Los Angeles, and in ... Jorge Garcia as Special Consultant Jerry Ortega, Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover, Beulah Koale as Police Candidate Junior Reigns, Meghan Rath as Officer Tani Rey, …The show starred Alex O'Loughlin as Steve McGarrett, Scott Caan as Danny Williams, and "Lost" alum Daniel Dae Kim as Chin Ho Kelly. "Hawaii Five-0" had a …In 2011 he became the only cast member from the original Hawaii Five-O (1968) to appear in the new version of the series, Hawaii Five-0 (2010).With the death of James MacArthur in 2010, he became the last surviving male member of the "Five-0" squad from the early part of the series before his death in 2021. The Child Stealers: Directed by Corey Allen. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Al Harrington, Kam Fong. A hippie couple kidnaps a baby from a drug store and smuggles the baby to the mainland to sell the child to an adoption agency in Los Angeles. McGarrett and the rest of the Five-O team are able to find that baby as well as another infant that was …Wed, Dec 17, 1969. Jo Louise, a rich and spoiled heiress, is recklessly pitting two suitors, Craig and Billy, against each other. She's devised a game where each boyfriend draws a card and gets points for various stunts. This game has resulted in, among other things, an Army Jeep being burned and a boat sunk. Hawaii Five-0 Cast Guide: Who Plays Every Main Character In The Reboot Alex O’Loughlin As Steve McGarrett. Alex O’Loughlin leads the cast of Hawaii Five-0 …Aug 5, 2023 · Zulu, also known as Kono Kalakaua, was a beloved character on Hawaii Five-O. Portrayed by the talented Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi, Zulu was a former surfer and member of the Five-O task force. His character brought a unique blend of athleticism and intelligence to the show. Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi passed away on May 3, 2004. The Hostage: Directed by Allen Reisner. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Kam Fong, Dane Clark. A paranoid Korean War veteran, thinking a policeman is about to arrest him for a crime he didn't commit, grabs the …Nightmare in Blue is the 21st episode of Season 6 in the original version of Hawaii Five-O Five-O matches wits with a brilliant thief who's a master of disguise and able to manufacture his own pass keys to Honolulu hotels. The thief has information on guests with valuables and how they try to hide them in their rooms. He even calls the police while disguised as …Zulu (1937-2004) Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi was born on October 17, 1937 on the Big Island of Hawaii. He was better known by the nickname his classmates gave him in high school, "Zulu". His most famous role was that of "Detective Kono Kalakaua" on the hit TV series, Hawaii Five-O (1968). The show helped launch a successful nightclub career. 17 Credits. Jack Lord. Det. Steve McGarrett 278 Episodes 1980. Richard Denning. Gov. Philip Grey 30 Episodes 1980. James MacArthur. Det. Danny Williams 187 Episodes 1979. Zulu. Det. Kono Kalakaua ...Jul 21, 2017 · The original “Hawaii Five-O” had several Native Hawaiian actors who were main cast members over the 12 seasons of the classic series that starred Jack Lord as Steven McGarrett. Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri. In Hawaii Five-O, Ian Anthony Dale was cast as Adam Noshimuri, the son of a Yakuza boss who reformed and became an ally and agent of the task force. Dale also ...Hawaii Five-0. 1968 -2021. 12 Seasons. CBS. Drama, Action & Adventure. TVPG. Watchlist. Book 'em, Danno. This is one of the longest-running crime dramas in TV history, memorable for its great ...17 Credits. Jack Lord. Det. Steve McGarrett 278 Episodes 1980. Richard Denning. Gov. Philip Grey 30 Episodes 1980. James MacArthur. Det. Danny Williams 187 Episodes 1979. Zulu. Det. Kono Kalakaua ... Sep 23, 2021 · September 23, 2021 12:38pm. Al Harrington Courtesy of Rita Coury / Rita Coury Photography. Al Harrington, an actor known for the original Hawaii Five-0 and its remake, has died. He was 85. He died ... Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri. In Hawaii Five-O, Ian Anthony Dale was cast as Adam Noshimuri, the son of a Yakuza boss who reformed and became an ally and agent of the task force. Dale also ...This page is for the cast of the 2010 reboot of Hawaii Five-O which has been renamed Hawaii Five-0. Teilor Grubbs as Grace Williams Paige Hurd as Samantha Grover Will Yun Lee as Sang Min Taryn Manning as Mary McGarrett Brian Yang as Dr. Charles Fong Mark Dacascos as Wo Fat Claire van der Boom as Rachel Edwards William Sadler as John …Jack Lord. Actor: Dr. No. Jack Lord will probably be best remembered as Steve McGarrett in the long running television series Hawaii Five-O (1968), but he was much more than that however. He starred in several movies, directed several episodes of his show, was in several Broadway productions, and was an accomplished artist. Two of his paintings …The Banzai Pipeline: Directed by Richard Benedict. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Al Harrington, Kam Fong. Greggs, a land developer, has a zoning man, Huffman, in his pocket. As Huffman has started offering his services to other developers, 5-0 has built a case against him. Greggs, knowing that Huffman will turn on him to save himself, calls him …Tim Soergel. 1 Episode 2010. Tamiko Brownlee. 1 Episode 2011. Torrey Vogel. 1 Episode 2018. Luke Vexler. 1 Episode 2019. Learn more about the full cast of Hawaii Five-0 with news, photos, videos ...Hawaii Five-0 Season 1 of Hawaii Five-O premiered on September 20, 1968. It contained 25 episodes. On the recommendation of Commander Walter Stuart, the later Attorney General, Detective Captain Steve McGarrett is recruited and made head of the Five -O Task Force in Hawaii by Governor Paul Jameson. He works alongside Detective Chin Ho …Jul 6, 2017 · CBS. As Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park exit “Hawaii Five-0,” the show suddenly finds itself without any regular Asian American cast members. That’s a huge problem for a show set in Hawaii ... Mar 20, 2018 · Hawaii Five-O has been around for decades. The original Hawaii Five-O aired in 1968 and aired until 1980. When the last episode aired, it was the longest running police drama in American history. Of course, this was before Law & Order's heyday hit in the '90s. Then, in 2010, it was decided to reboot the police drama with a new cast playing ... King Kamehameha Blues: Directed by Barry Shear. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. A group of college students devise a plan to break into Bishop Museum and steal King Kamehameha's cloak. A collection is started up and amnesty will be given if the cloak is returned. Meanwhile Five-o investigates and concludes that the college ...You can binge watch the original cast to your heart’s content. Reply. YU says: April 13, 2021 at 10:32 PM. Yes, but Kim’s character was in the original Hawaii 5 O. Of course was Caan. So, the ...The Singapore File: Directed by Robert Gist. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. McGarrett receives a phone call from a woman in Singapore saying that she can witness against a local mobster.
"Hawaii Five-O" By the Numbers (TV Episode 1968) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more.. Diamonds 101
Here are some fun facts about the first and the original Hawaii Five-O that many of us may not know (or otherwise have forgotten): 1. Hawaii had only been nine years old as a U.S. state by the time the series was launched. The (original) Hawaii Five-O premiered on September 20, 1968 – only nine years after Hawaii became a state on August 21 ... Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman (not to be confused with the remake Hawaii Five-0, with a numeral zero as the last character in the title). That was balanced out by a cavalcade of high-profile guest stars who appeared, including Ed Asner, Susan Dey, Tab Hunter, Sal Mineo, Leslie Nielsen, Sally …A Distant Thunder: Directed by Dennis Donnelly. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Herman Wedemeyer, Cal Bellini. McGarrett tries to thwart a plot by Neo-Nazis to assassinate a popular political candidate.Oct 28, 2010 · Actor James MacArthur, who played "Danno" in the original version of television's "Hawaii Five-0" and was the son of actress Helen Hayes and playwright Charles MacArthur, died Thursday at age 72. The Ransom: Directed by Michael O'Herlihy. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. The young son of a rich man is kidnapped. Five-O and HPD observe the scene where the kidnappers are to pick up the money. Five-O's Kono corners the kidnappers but ends up being captured. He sets the boy free but is beaten by the kidnappers, who now are …Here is a comprehensive guide to the cast of every single episode of Hawaii Five-O across all 12 seasons of the original series. Main Cast Members. ... The recurring supporting cast of Hawaii Five-O, including Richard Denning as Governor Paul Jameson, Al Harrington as Detective Ben Kokua, Doug Mossman as Frank Kamana, and Moe Keale …Jul 6, 2017 · CBS. As Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park exit “Hawaii Five-0,” the show suddenly finds itself without any regular Asian American cast members. That’s a huge problem for a show set in Hawaii ... Hawaii Five-O is a police procedural television series created by Leonard Freeman for the CBS television network. Starring Jack Lord, the series premiered on September 20, 1968, and ended after 12 seasons on April 4, 1980, during which time 282 episodes were produced and broadcast. The series covers a fictional special state task force for the ... Over Fifty? Steal: Directed by Bob Sweeney. With Jack Lord, James MacArthur, Zulu, Kam Fong. Lewis Avery Filer had been an insurance investigator forced to retire when his company was taken over by a conglomerate. The wily Filer is now pulling daring robberies at businesses either owned or insured by the conglomerate. He utilizes a variety of tactics, …Hawaii Five-O. (1968 TV series, season 12) This is a list of episodes from the twelfth and final season of Hawaii Five-O. Main cast members for the final season are Jack Lord (as Steve McGarrett), Herman Wedemeyer (as "Duke" Lukela), William Smith (as James "Kimo" Carew), Moe Keale (as "Truck" Kealoha) and Sharon Farrell (as Lori Wilson). A group of students create a fake tsunami so that they can rob a bank after the city is evacuated. After an Asian diplomat drowns in a pool, his wife is convinced forces from their home country are responsible. Sian Barbara Allen guest stars. NOTE: Includes a film clip of a scuba diver from "Cloth of Gold" episode. Hawaii Five-O. (1968 TV series, season 2) The second season of Hawaii Five-O, an American television series, began September 24, 1969, and ended on March 11, 1970. It aired on CBS. The region 1 DVD was released on July 31, 2007, with the episode "Bored, She Hung Herself" excluded. [1].